The acceleration of global warming and increased vulnerability of marine social-ecological
systems affect the benefits provided by the ocean. Spatial planning of marine areas is vital to …

Assessing the stocks and flows of ecosystem services valued by society is crucial to ensure
the sustainable management of marine ecosystems, as required by the European Marine …

As a response to increasing human pressures on marine ecosystems, the legislation aimed
at improving the conservation and management of marine coastal areas in European and …

Carbon stored in coastal wetland ecosystems is of global relevance to climate regulation.
Broadscale inventories of this “blue” carbon store are currently lacking and labour intensive …

The availability of marine habitats maps remains limited due to difficulty and cost of working
at sea. Reduced light penetration in the water hampers the use of optical imagery, and …

In recent years very large marine protected areas (VLMPAs) have become the dominant
form of spatial protection in the marine environment. Whilst seen as a holistic and …

In 2017, South Africa became the first African country to draft Marine Spatial Planning (MSP)
legislation. The underlying legal framework supports the achievement of ecological, social …

To date, most marine protected areas (MPAs) have been designated on an ad hoc basis.
However, a comprehensive regional and global network should be designed to be …

Remote underwater video systems (RUVS) are increasingly used in scientific studies to
monitor marine ecosystems. RUVS can be deployed baited (BRUVS) or unbaited (UBRUVS) …

In 2010, the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity agreed on
the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011–2020 in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As this plan …