While oxygen is critical to the continued existence of complex organisms, extreme levels of
oxygen within a system, known as hypoxia (low levels of oxygen) and hyperoxia (excessive …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to
cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis …

Epigenetic and metabolic alterations in cancer cells are highly intertwined. Oncogene-driven
metabolic rewiring modifies the epigenetic landscape via modulating the activities of DNA …

Angiogenic endothelial cells and tumour cells can survive under hypoxic conditions and
even proliferate and migrate in a low‐oxygen environment. In both cell types, high rates of …

The six major genes involved in hereditary susceptibility for pheochromocytoma
(PCC)/paraganglioma (PGL)(RET, VHL, NF1, SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD) have been recently …

Hypoxic environments occur normally at high altitude, or in underground burrows and in
deep sea habitats. They also occur pathologically in human ischemia and in hypoxic solid …

Hypoxia is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand, which deprives cells or
tissues of sufficient oxygen. It is well-established that hypoxia triggers adaptive responses …

Tumor hypoxia is a pathophysiologic outcome of disrupted microcirculation with inadequate
supply of oxygen, leading to enhanced proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition …

Solid tumours are exposed to microenvironmental factors such as hypoxia that normally
inhibit cell growth. However, tumour cells are capable of counteracting these signals through …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) is a regulated subunit of the hypoxia-
inducible factor 1 (HIF1), which functions as a key transcription factor in response to hypoxic …