Epidemiological studies established that elevated homocysteine, an important intermediate
in folate, vitamin B12, and one carbon metabolism, is associated with poor health, including …

Oxidant–antioxidant imbalance is involved in the etiology of different diseases, including
cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver disorders, kidney diseases, cancers and diabetes …

Background This study investigated the effects of long term betaine supplementation on
body composition, performance, and homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL) in experienced …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), an obstacle of the visual microvascular system, is a serious
complication of diabetic patients. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) has been extensively evaluated as …

Abstract Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a component of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), is a
calcium-dependent multifunctional enzyme that connects metabolisms of lipoproteins and …

Homocysteine (Hcy) is an accepted independent risk factor for several major pathologies
including cardiovascular disease, birth defects, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and renal …

Dysregulated maternal fatty acid metabolism increases the risk of congenital heart disease
(CHD) in offspring with an unknown mechanism, and the effect of folic acid fortification in …

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is a key regulatory enzyme in the one-carbon
cycle. This enzyme is essential for the metabolism of methionine, folate, and RNA, as well as …

Diabetic patients suffer from a host of physiological abnormalities beyond just those of
glucose metabolism. These abnormalities often lead to systemic inflammation via …

Background Paraoxonase (PON), an antioxidant enzyme, comprises of three members
(PON1, 2 and 3). Hyperglycemia accelerates formation of AGE in diabetes which mediates …