Escherichia coli is one of the organisms of choice for the production of recombinant proteins.
Its use as a cell factory is well-established and it has become the most popular expression …

Despite their name, synonymous mutations have significant consequences for cellular
processes in all taxa. As a result, an understanding of codon bias is central to fields as …

It has recently been shown that in anaerobic microorganisms the tricarboxylic acid (TCA)
cycle, including the seemingly irreversible citrate synthase reaction, can be reversed and …

OPTIMIZER is an on-line application that optimizes the codon usage of a gene to increase
its expression level. Three methods of optimization are available: the 'one amino acid–one …

Codon usage bias refers to the phenomenon where specific codons are used more often
than other synonymous codons during translation of genes, the extent of which varies within …

Motivation: Anchoring of proteins to the extracytosolic leaflet of membranes via C-terminal
attachment of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) is ubiquitous and essential in eukaryotes …

Recent steep declines in honey bee health have severely impacted the beekee**
industry, presenting new risks for agricultural commodities that depend on insect pollination …

Background Knowledge of animal mitochondrial genomes is very important to understand
their molecular evolution as well as for phylogenetic and population genetic studies. The …

The efficient production of functional proteins in heterologous hosts is one of the major
bases of modern biotechnology. Unfortunately, many genes are difficult to express outside …

Background Variations in codon usage between species are one of the major causes
affecting recombinant protein expression levels, with a significant impact on the economy of …