When a phenological shift affects a demographic vital rate such as survival or reproduction,
the altered vital rate may or may not have population-level consequences. We review the …

Climate change is a defining element of the current ecological landscape, with
consequences ranging from global to local environments. One of the first indices of the …

Climate change has often led to unequal shifts in the seasonal timing (phenology) of
interacting species, such as consumers and their resource, leading to phenological …

Long-term data allow ecologists to assess trajectories of population abundance. Without this
context, it is impossible to know whether a taxon is thriving or declining to extinction. For …

BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in
WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al., 2007), but also in WGII …

Parasitic infections are ubiquitous in wildlife, livestock and human populations, and healthy
ecosystems are often parasite rich. Yet, their negative impacts can be extreme …

Recent shifts in phenology in response to climate change are well established but often
poorly understood. Many animals integrate climate change across a spatially and temporally …

Migratory species are in rapid decline globally. Although most mortality in long-distance
migrant birds is thought to occur during migration, evidence of conditions on migration …

From the red grouse to the Ethiopian bush-crow, bird populations around the world can
provide us with vital insights into the effects of climate change on species and ecosystems …