There is a growing recognition that ecological systems can spend extended periods of time
far away from an asymptotic state, and that ecological understanding will therefore require a …

Extreme events such as heat waves are among the most challenging aspects of climate
change for societies. We show that climate models consistently project increases in …

Climate change research often focuses on trends in the mean and variance. However,
analyses of palaeoclimatic and contemporary dynamics reveal that climate memory—as …

INTRODUCTION Financial markets may collapse, rainforest can shift to savanna, a person
can become trapped in a depression, and the Gulf Stream can come to a standstill. Such …

Climate change has been and will be accompanied by widespread changes in surface
temperature. It is clear that these changes include global-wide increases in mean surface …

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are not insulated from the challenges facing the planet
and have been tasked as key stakeholders in sustainable development (SD). The …

Climate change presents significant risks and opportunities for agriculture. Agricultural
producers are likely to be adversely affected by changes in higher mean temperatures, more …

Tree mortality is a key driver of forest dynamics and its occurrence is projected to increase in
the future due to climate change. Despite recent advances in our understanding of the …

Purpose Current evidence suggests volatile temperatures are becoming more common
because of climate change and can be expected to become even more frequent in the …

Changes in mean climatic conditions will affect natural and societal systems profoundly
under continued anthropogenic global warming. Changes in the high-frequency variability of …