Biofuel is an eco-friendly fuel that can reduce CO 2 emissions by 65% compared to using
petroleum-based fuels. The commercialized biodiesel, which contains oxygen atom within …

On the path to climate neutrality, global production locations and trade patterns of basic
materials might change due to the heterogeneous availability of renewable electricity. Here …

Methanol is a primary petrochemical globally. Green methanol, produced by Power-to-X
technologies, is a potential solution to the defossilisation of the existing methanol supply and …

As energy system research into high shares of renewables has developed, so have the
perspectives of the fundamental nature of a highly renewable economy. Early energy system …

Widely available and low-cost solar photovoltaics and wind power can enable production of
renewable electricity-based hydrogen at many locations throughout the world. Hydrogen is …

Ammonia is a key chemical for the agriculture and chemical industries, and a potential future
marine fuel. Potential growth in ammonia demand further highlights the importance of …

Photovoltaic (PV) systems have become a widely accepted method of harnessing solar
energy in recent decades. In addition to the growing use of renewable energies are being …

Abstract While the European Union has set ambitious targets to decouple all emissions from
chemical production processes, the current European chemical industry is dependent on …

Greenhouse gas emission is the focus of global climate change concerns. The change in
industrial structure can impact carbon emission efficiency (CEE) by affecting labor and …