Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of …

HTLV-1 (Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1) is a complex human delta retrovirus that
currently infects 10–20 million people worldwide. While HTLV-1 infection is generally …

Background context Treadmill training after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) has become an
established therapy to improve walking capabilities. The hybrid assistive limb (HAL) …

Objectives: Glucose metabolism plays a fundamental role in supporting the growth,
proliferation and effector functions of T cells. We investigated the impact of HIV infection on …

Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-
1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the …

The tumorvirus human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a member of the delta-
retrovirus family, is transmitted via cell-containing body fluids such as blood products …

So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(type 1 and 2) and human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans …

The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell
lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in …

Dextran, the α-1, 6-linked glucose polymer widely used in biology and medicine, promises
new applications. Linear dextran applied as a blood plasma substitute demonstrates a high …

Dendritic cells (DCs) function as a link between innate and adaptive immune responses.
Retroviruses HIV-1 and HTLV-1 modulate DCs to their advantage and utilize them to …