Seaweed (macroalgae) has attracted attention globally given its potential for climate change
mitigation. A topical and contentious question is: Can seaweeds' contribution to climate …

Alkalinity, the excess of proton acceptors over donors, plays a major role in ocean chemistry,
in buffering and in calcium carbonate precipitation and dissolution. Understanding alkalinity …

The geological record encodes the relationship between climate and atmospheric carbon
dioxide (CO2) over long and short timescales, as well as potential drivers of evolutionary …

The macronutrient phosphorus is thought to limit primary productivity in the oceans on
geological timescales. Although there has been a sustained effort to reconstruct the …

The habitability of Europa is a property within a system, which is driven by a multitude of
physical and chemical processes and is defined by many interdependent parameters, so …

Over the coming century humanity may need to find reservoirs to store several trillions of
tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emitted from fossil fuel combustion, which would otherwise …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) biomineralizing organisms have played major roles in the
history of life and the global carbon cycle during the past 541 Ma. Both marine diversification …

Abstract The Early Eocene Climate Optimum (EECO, which occurred about 51 to 53 million
years ago), was the warmest interval of the past 65 million years, with mean annual surface …

Organic carbon in marine sediments is a critical component of the global carbon cycle, and
its degradation influences a wide range of phenomena, including the magnitude of carbon …