The present system of radiation protection assumes that exposure at low doses and/or low
dose-rates leads to health risks linearly related to the dose. They are evaluated by a …

In present times, the levels of ionizing radiation (IR) on the surface of Earth are relatively low,
posing no high challenges for the survival of contemporary life forms. IR derives from natural …

Tritium (3 H) is a radioactive isotope of hydrogen that is abundantly released from nuclear
industries. It is extremely mobile in the environment and in all biological systems …

Human actions are altering ecosystems worldwide. Among human‐released pollutants,
ionizing radiation arises as a rare but potentially devastating threat to natural systems. The …

Background Reproductive effects of ionizing radiation in organisms have been observed
under laboratory and field conditions. Such assessments often rely on associations between …

Following the 1986 Chornobyl accident, an area approaching 5000 km2 surrounding the
nuclear plant was abandoned, creating the Chornobyl exclusion zone (CEZ). Although this …

Plants are unavoidably exposed to ionizing radiation (IR) from natural and anthropogenic
sources. Along with the chronic irradiation, plants are influenced by other environmental …

Following the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster in 2011, the decision to release more than
1 million tons of radioactive water into the ocean by the Japanese government, with …

The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone is often depicted as either a wildlife refuge or an apocalyptic
wasteland, which is representative of the ongoing scientific controversy regarding the effects …

The health effects associated with chronic low-dose, low-dose rate (LD-LDR) exposures to
environmental radiation are uncertain. All dose-effect studies conducted outside controlled …