We develop a theory of change for payments for environmental services (PES) to review
their imminent strengths and weaknesses in light of a growing body of impact evaluation …

After tentative efforts during the 1990s, the past two decades have seen a rapid increase in
the number of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation policies, initially in a few …

The Agriculture, Forestry and Other Land Use (AFOLU) sector encompasses managed
ecosystems and offers significant mitigation opportunities while delivering food, wood and …

We evaluated a program of payments for ecosystem services in Uganda that offered forest-
owning households annual payments of 70,000 Ugandan shillings per hectare if they …

We adopt a theory-based approach to synthesize research on the effectiveness of payments
for environmental services in achieving environmental objectives and socio-economic co …

An important part of conservation practice is the empirical evaluation of program and policy
impacts. Understanding why conservation programs succeed or fail is essential for …

This article presents a meta-analysis of what drives deforestation and what stops it, based
on a comprehensive database of 121 spatially explicit econometric studies of deforestation …

Assessing global tendencies and impacts of conditional payments for environmental
services (PES) programs is challenging because of their heterogeneity, and scarcity of …

We review and confirm the claim that credible evaluations of common conservation
instruments continue to be rare. The limited set of rigorous studies suggests that protected …

Environmental conditional cash transfers are popular but their impacts are not well
understood. We evaluate land cover and wealth impacts of a federal program that pays …