With the advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs), new, high-throughput serial
crystallography techniques for macromolecular structure determination have emerged …

BACKGROUND Conformational changes are essential for the correct functioning of
biological macromolecules. Time-resolved x-ray crystallography extends an extremely …

In natural photosynthesis, the light-driven splitting of water into electrons, protons and
molecular oxygen forms the first step of the solar-to-chemical energy conversion process …

The DIALS project is a collaboration between Diamond Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory and CCP4 to develop a new software suite for the analysis of …

Inspired by the period-four oscillation in flash-induced oxygen evolution of photosystem II
discovered by Joliot in 1969, Kok performed additional experiments and proposed a five …

There is an urgent need to transition from fossil fuels to solar fuels—not only to lower CO2
emissions that cause global warming but also to ration fossil resources. Splitting H2O with …

Capturing and converting solar energy into fuels and feedstocks is a global challenge that
spans numerous disciplines and fields of research. Billions of years of evolution have …

Photosystem II (PSII) is a huge membrane-protein complex consisting of 20 different
subunits with a total molecular mass of 350 kDa for a monomer. It catalyses light-driven …

Biological membranes are tricky to investigate. They are complex in terms of molecular
composition and structure, functional over a wide range of time scales, and characterized by …

Small molecules such as H2, N2, CO, NH3, O2 are ubiquitous stable species and their
activation and role in the formation of value-added products are of fundamental importance …