Transition metals, which are of diversity in their bonding orbitals, have a variety of significant
oxidation states and more complex chemical properties compared to the main group metals …

The distinct physicochemical properties and renewable origin of gamma-valerolactone
(GVL) have provided opportunities for diversifying its applications, particularly as a green …

Transformation of biomass to chemicals and fuels is a long-term goal in both science and
industry. However, high cost is one of the major obstacles to the industrialization of this …

Levulinic acid (LA) is one of the most promising biomass-derived platform chemicals owing
to its wider convertibility to a large number of commodity chemicals. Numerous LA …

Nitrogen-containing compounds are pivotal building blocks with extensive application in the
manufacture of pharmaceuticals, polymer materials, agrochemicals and organic synthesis …

Cu-based catalysts possess prominent properties in the selective hydrogenation of carbon-
oxygen bonds but suffer from low stability due to high-temperature sintering. Dandelion-like …

Abstract γ-Valerolactone (GVL) or 1, 4-pentanediol (1, 4-PDO) are the value-added
chemicals, selectivities of which from conversion of levulinic acid/ester depend on balanced …

Biomass resources have infinite possibilities for introducing nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorus
heteroatoms into their structures by virtue of controllable carbon–heteroatom bond …

Lignocellulosic waste material serves as a considerable renewable feedstock that could be
used to replace oil refineries with biorefineries. Indeed, all biomass components can be …

Hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone is one of the important reactions for
conversion of biomass into renewable fuels and chemicals. Ni-Zn non-noble bimetallic …