Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the fastest growing causes of chronic kidney
disease and associated morbidity and mortality. Preclinical research has demonstrated the …

Management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) has evolved in parallel with our growing
understanding of the multiple interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms that involve …

A wide variety of cell populations, including both immune and endothelial cells, participate in
the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Among these groups, macrophages deserve special …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common chronic kidney disease. Accumulation of
glucose and metabolites activates resident macrophages in kidneys. Resident macrophages …

Macrophages (Mφ) autophagy is a pivotal contributor to inflammation-related diseases.
However, the mechanistic details of its direct role in acute kidney injury (AKI) were unclear …

The Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), also referred to as chemokine ligand 2
(CCL2), belongs to the extensive chemokine family and serves as a crucial mediator of …

Fibrosis is a pathophysiological process of wound repair that leads to the deposit of
connective tissue in the extracellular matrix. This complication is mainly associated with …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health problem driven by myofibroblast
accumulation, leading to interstitial fibrosis. Heterogeneity is a recently recognized …

The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protects the cell against oxidative
damage. The Nrf2 system comprises a complex network that functions to ensure adequate …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will become the fifth global cause of death by 2040, thus
emphasizing the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of damage and …