Humans rely on visual cues to navigate the world around them. Vision begins with the
detection of light by photoreceptor cells in the retina, a light-sensitive tissue located at the …

In our tendency to discuss the objective properties of the external world, we may fail to notice
that our subjective perceptions of those properties differ between individuals. Variability at …

Using high-resolution adaptive-optics imaging combined with retinal densitometry, we
characterized the arrangement of short-(S), middle-(M), and long-(L) wavelength-sensitive …

Human color vision is achieved by mixing neural signals from cone photoreceptors sensitive
to different wavelengths of light. The spatial arrangement and proportion of these spectral …

function and its modification by DB Judd (1951) and JJ Vos (1978), while being consistent
with a linear combination of the A. Stockman & LT Sharpe (2000) long-wavelength-sensitive …

An intensely debated issue concerning visual-experience-dependent neural plasticity is
whether experience is required only to maintain function or whether information from …

Direct imaging of the retina by adaptive optics allows assessment of the relative number of
long-wavelength-sensitive (L) and middle-wavelength-sensitive (M) cones in living human …

We determined the contributions of cone and melanopsin luminance signaling to human
brightness perception. The absolute brightness of four narrowband primary lights presented …

The general principles of retinal organization are now well known. It may seem surprising
that retinal organization in the primate, which has a complex visual behavioral repertoire …

The first stage of color vision is now well understood (see Chap. 10). When presented in the
same context under photopic conditions, pairs of lights that produce the same excitations in …