Despite decades of surveillance and pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical interventions,
seasonal influenza viruses continue to cause epidemics around the world each year. The …

BACKGROUND Despite many notable successes in prevention and control, infectious
diseases remain an enormous threat to human and animal health. The ecological and …

H3N2 viruses continuously acquire mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) glycoprotein that
abrogate binding of human antibodies. During the 2014–2015 influenza season, clade 3C …

During the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic,
multiple variants esca** preexisting immunity emerged, causing reinfections of previously …

Seasonal influenza viruses cause recurring global epidemics by continually evolving to
escape host immunity. The viral constraints and host immune responses that limit and drive …

Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of emergence and circulation of new human
seasonal influenza virus variants is a key scientific and public health challenge. The global …

The present vaccine against influenza virus has the inevitable risk of antigenic discordance
between the vaccine and the circulating strains, which diminishes vaccine efficacy. This …

Influenza is an acute respiratory disease in mammals and domestic poultry that emerges
from zoonotic reservoirs in aquatic birds and bats. Although influenza viruses are among the …

Background Influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) is generally interpreted in the context of
vaccine match/mismatch to circulating strains with evolutionary drift in the latter invoked to …

Abstract Influenza A Virus (IAV) is a recurring respiratory virus with limited availability of
antiviral therapies. Understanding host proteins essential for IAV infection can identify …