Immunological dysregulation is the cause of many non-infectious human diseases such as
autoimmunity, allergy and cancer. The gastrointestinal tract is the primary site of interaction …

CD4+ T cells, upon activation and expansion, develop into different T helper cell subsets
with different cytokine profiles and distinct effector functions. Until recently, T cells were …

The gastrointestinal tract of mammals is inhabited by hundreds of distinct species of
commensal microorganisms that exist in a mutualistic relationship with the host. How …

Recently, substantial advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been made owing to three related lines of …

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed important biological insights into
complex diseases, which are broadly expected to lead to the identification of new drug …

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal
tract. Cytokine-targeted therapies have transformed the treatment of IBD, providing control of …

Several risk factors for Crohn's disease have been identified in recent genome-wide
association studies. To advance gene discovery further, we combined data from three …

Humans are colonized by multitudes of commensal organisms representing members of five
of the six kingdoms of life; however, our gastrointestinal tract provides residence to both …

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

T helper cells that produce interleukin 17 (IL-17;'TH-17 cells') are a distinct subset of
proinflammatory cells whose in vivo function requires IL-23 but whose in vitro differentiation …