The adrenal gland is a source of sex steroid precursors, and its activity is particularly
relevant during fetal development and adrenarche. Following puberty, the synthesis of …

The actions of androgens such as testosterone and dihydrotestosterone are mediated via
the androgen receptor (AR), a ligand-dependent nuclear transcription factor and member of …

Multiple changes occur across various endocrine systems as an individual ages. The
understanding of the factors that cause age-related changes and how they should be …

Benefits associated with lowered serum DHT levels after 5 α-reductase inhibitor (5AR-I)
therapy in men have contributed to a misconception that circulating DHT levels are an …

Evidence has been accumulating that, in men, some of the biological actions traditionally
attributed to testosterone acting via the androgen receptor may in fact be dependent on its …

Background: Various factors modulate circulating testosterone in men, affecting
interpretation of testosterone measurements. Purpose: To clarify factors associated with …

This narrative review presents an overview of current knowledge on fertility and reproductive
hormone changes in aging men, the factors driving and modulating these changes, their …

Abstract Introduction: This article, Part 1 of the Endocrine Society of Australia's position
statement on male hypogonadism, focuses on assessment of male hypogonadism, including …

Males of many species must allocate limited energy budgets between mating and parenting
effort. The Challenge Hypothesis provides a framework for understanding these life-history …

Abstract In men>~ 35 years, aging is associated with perturbations in the hypothalamus-
pituitary–testicular axis and declining serum testosterone concentrations. The major …