Allostasis, the concept of maintaining stability through change, has been proposed as a term
and a model to replace the ambiguous term of stress, the concept of adequately or …

Increasingly, levels of the 'stress hormones' cortisol and corticosterone are being used by
ecologists as indicators of physiological stress in wild vertebrates. The amplitude of …

Environmental and social stresses have deleterious effects on reproductive function in
vertebrates. Global climate change, human disturbance and endocrine disruption from …

Why do we get the stress-related diseases we do? Why do some people have flare ups of
autoimmune disease, whereas others suffer from melancholic depression during a stressful …

The vertebrate stress response helps animals respond to environmental dangers such as
predators or storms. An important component of the stress response is glucocorticoid (GC) …

In recent years, the noninvasive monitoring of steroid hormone metabolites in feces of
mammals and drop**s of birds has become an increasingly popular technique. It offers …

Much of the understanding of the endocrine basis of stress in fish comes from studies of
cultured stocks of teleosts; there is comparatively little information on stress responses in …

Over the past few decades, there has been a steep increase in the number of conservation-
related field studies that measure glucocorticoid hormones (corticosterone or cortisol) as a …

Outdoor recreation is increasing in intensity and space. Areas previously inaccessible are
now being visited by ever‐growing numbers of people, which increases human–wildlife …

Ecological and medical researchers are investing great effort to determine the role of M
aternally‐D erived S tress (MDS) as an inducer of phenotypic plasticity in offspring. Many …