Our modern society requires environmentally friendly solutions for energy production.
Energy can be released not only from the fission of heavy nuclei but also from the fusion of …

In addition to the operational limits imposed by MHD stability on plasma current and
pressure, an independent limit on plasma density is observed in confined toroidal plasmas …

The B2‐Eirene code package was developed to give better insight into the physics in the
scrape‐off layer (SOL), which is defined as the region of open field‐lines intersecting walls …

The physics of divertors in tokamaks is reviewed, primarily from an experimental point of
view, although where possible simple analytic modelling is included. The paper covers the …

Divertor detachment offers a promising solution to the challenge of plasma-wall interactions
for steady-state operation of fusion reactors. Here, we demonstrate the excellent …

Observations of divertor plasma detachment in tokamaks are reviewed. Plasma detachment
is characterized in terms of transport and dissipation of power, momentum and particle flux …

Internal transport barriers in tokamak plasmas are explored in order to improve confinement
and stability beyond the reference scenario, used for the ITER extrapolation, and to achieve …

The experimental characteristics of divertor detachment in the JET tokamak with the Mark I
pumped divertor are presented for ohmic, L mode and ELMy H mode experiments with the …

The first stable completely detached H-mode plasma in the full tungsten ASDEX Upgrade
has been achieved. Complete detachment of both targets is induced by nitrogen seeding …

Feedback control of the divertor power load by means of nitrogen seeding has been
developed into a routine operational tool in the all-tungsten clad ASDEX Upgrade tokamak …