The entomology literature has historically suggested insects cannot feel pain, leading to
their exclusion from ethical debates and animal welfare legislation. However, there may be …

Simple Summary Animals that are capable of suffering from pain and distress should be
protected when they are being submitted to circumstances that could provoke suffering, such …

A growing number of non-human animal species are being seriously considered as
candidates for sentience, but plants are either forgotten or explicitly excluded from these …

The marker approach is taken as best practice for answering the distribution question: Which
animals are conscious? However, the methodology can be used to increase confidence in …

This paper provides a systematic account of how artificial intelligence (AI) technologies
could harm nonhuman animals and explains why animal harms, often neglected in AI ethics …

Can octopuses feel pain and pleasure? What about crabs, shrimps, insects, or spiders? How
do we tell whether a person unresponsive after severe brain injury might be suffering? When …

We argue that pain is not needed to protect the body from damage unless the organism is
able to make free choices in action selection. Then pain (including its affective and …

In order to develop a true biological science of consciousness, we have to remove humans
from the center of reference and develop a bottom-up comparative study of animal minds, as …

This target article has three parts. The first briefly reviews the thinking about nonhuman
animals' sentience in the Western canon: what we might know about their capacity for …

Simple Summary Each year, approximately 167 billion Penaeus vannamei (white-leg
shrimp) are farmed worldwide from an estimated total of more than 400 billion marines and …