Abstract The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and the mammalian target of
rapamycin (mTOR) represent two vital intracellular signaling pathways, which are …

PTEN is a potent tumour suppressor, and its loss of function is frequently observed in both
heritable and sporadic cancers. PTEN has phosphatase-dependent and phosphatase …

PTEN is a phosphatase which metabolises PIP 3, the lipid product of PI 3-Kinase, directly
opposing the activation of the oncogenic PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling network. Accordingly …

The development of life-threatening cancer metastases at distant organs requires
disseminated tumour cells' adaptation to, and co-evolution with, the drastically different …

In 2004, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) released an important report entitled
“Innovation/Stagnation: Challenge and Opportunity on the Critical Path to New Medical …

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy caused by the
accumulation of genomic lesions that affect the development of T cells. For many years, it …

The importance of the physiological function of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)
is illustrated by its frequent disruption in cancer. By suppressing the phosphoinositide 3 …

Monocytes/macrophages are heterogeneous and versatile cells that could undergo their
phenotypically/functionally dynamic switch in response to the microenvironment signals …

Cancer arises in the context of an in vivo tumor microenvironment. This microenvironment is
both a cause and consequence of tumorigenesis. Tumor and host cells co-evolve …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in regulating normal cellular processes, but
deregulated ROS contribute to the development of various human diseases, including …