Context: A large part of the software produced by many companies and organizations today
are web applications. Testing web applications is vital to ensure and maintain the quality of …

Web testing has long been recognized as a notoriously difficult task. Even nowadays, web
testing still mainly relies on manual efforts in many cases while automated web testing is still …

Context: Test Automation (TA) techniques are crucial for quality assurance in software
engineering but face limitations such as high test suite maintenance costs and the need for …

Selenium is often considered the de-facto standard framework for end-to-end web testing
nowadays. It allows practitioners to drive web browsers (such as Chrome, Firefox, Edge, or …

Existing web test generators derive test paths from a navigational model of the web
application, completed with either manually or randomly generated input values. However …

Web tests are prone to break frequently as the application under test evolves, causing much
maintenance effort in practice. To detect the root causes of a test breakage, developers …

Modern web applications are complex and used for tasks of primary importance, so their
quality must be guaranteed at the highest levels. For this reason, testing techniques (eg, end …

Test automation tools are widely adopted for testing complex Web applications. Three
generations of tools exist: first, based on screen coordinates; second, based on DOM–based …

Automated web testing techniques infer models from a given web app, which are used for
test generation. From a testing viewpoint, such an inferred model should contain the minimal …

This paper provides the results of a survey of the grey literature concerning best practices for
end-to-end web test automation. We analyzed more than 2,400 sources (eg, blog posts …