Applying a social determinants of health framework, this review brings attention to evidence
from social sciences and neuroscience on the role of selected social factors in individual …

Opioids are powerful drugs that usurp and overpower the reward function of endogenous
opioids and engage dramatic tolerance and withdrawal via molecular and neurocircuitry …

Critical features of human addiction are increasingly being incorporated into complementary
animal models, including escalation of drug intake, punished drug seeking and taking …

Sex hormones act throughout the entire brain of both males and females via both genomic
and nongenomic receptors. Sex hormones can act through many cellular and molecular …

A decade ago, we hypothesized that drug addiction can be viewed as a transition from
voluntary, recreational drug use to compulsive drug-seeking habits, neurally underpinned by …

Neuroadaptations that occur in response to repeated substance use diminish the euphoria
that is produced by the acute use of a drug and increase levels of physical and emotional …

Allostasis, or stability through change, has most often been linked with challenges to
homeostasis, in which repeated challenges or stressors produce sufficient allostatic load to …

Compulsive drug seeking that is associated with addiction is hypothesized to follow a
heuristic framework that involves three stages (binge/intoxication, withdrawal/negative affect …

Obesity is a heterogeneous construct that, despite multiple and diverse attempts, has been
difficult to treat. One conceptualization gaining media and research attention in recent years …

Contemporary advances in addiction neuroscience have paralleled increasing interest in
the ancient mental training practice of mindfulness meditation as a potential therapy for …