The cumulative impact of human activities has driven many species into severe declines
across the globe. However, the recent focus on conservation optimism has begun to …

We provide a broad overview of the underlying philosophy of ecological monitoring. We
argue that the major characteristics of effective monitoring programs typically include:(1) …

This book is the first to explore the diversity of management objectives and the different
approaches to wildlife management of large ungulates in a wide range of different European …

Summary 1 Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and
adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over‐winter survival, timing of …

Until recently in Earth history, very large herbivores (mammoths, ground sloths, diprotodons,
and many others) occurred in most of the World's terrestrial ecosystems, but the majority …

Although the North American megafaunal extinctions and the formation of novel plant
communities are well-known features of the last deglaciation, the causal relationships …

Biotic and abiotic factors are increasingly acknowledged to synergistically shape broad-
scale species distributions. However, the relative importance of biotic and abiotic factors in …

Long-term monitoring programs are fundamental to understanding the natural environment
and managing major environmental problems. Yet they are often done very poorly and …

Both arthropods and large grazing herbivores are important components and drivers of
biodiversity in grassland ecosystems, but a synthesis of how arthropod diversity is affected …

Summary 1 Wild large herbivores provide goods and income to rural communities, have
major impacts on land use and habitats of conservation importance and, in some cases, face …