Plants are exposed to heterogeneity in the environment where new stress factors (ie, climate
change, land use change, and invasiveness) are introduced, and where inter‐and …

Recognition of the importance of intraspecific variation in ecological processes has been
growing, but empirical studies and models of global change have only begun to address this …

To achieve a coherent evolutionary theory, it is necessary to account for the effects of the
environment on the process of development. Phenotypic plasticity is the change in the …

Phenotypic plasticity is the ability of an individual organism to alter its physiology/
morphology in response to changes in environmental conditions. This ability is particularly …

Despite the increasing biological and economic impacts of invasive species, little is known
about the evolutionary mechanisms that favor geographic range expansion and evolution of …

This paper focuses on phenotypic plasticity as a major mode of adaptation in plants. A
methodological critique examines difficulties in studying plasticity, including the conceptually …

Many organisms can adjust to a changing environment by develo** alternative
phenotypes that improve their fitness. Our understanding of phenotypic plasticity is largely …

In this comprehensive review, a range of factors is considered that may influence the
significance of genetic diversity for the survival of a population. Genetic variation is essential …

Inducible defenses are responses activated through a previous encounter with a consumer
or competitor that confer some degree of resistance to subsequent attacks. While the …

Demography relates observable facts about individuals to the dynamics of populations. If the
dynamics are linear and do not change over time, the classical theory of Lotka (1907) and …