Crystallite size has an important effect on the chemical, physical and mechanical properties
of metallic, polymeric, and ceramic nanomaterial. Therefore, finding a reliable method to …

In this research, we strived to utilize waste fish scale (labeo rohita) for synthesizing CuO
nano-particles (CuO NPs), which gained much attention due to its distinctive properties and …

Since their first synthesis in 1884, thermosetting and amorphous urea–formaldehyde (UF)
resins have mainly been used as wood adhesives yet are known to be responsible for the …

The synthesis of molybdenum-doped copper oxide was carried out using a sol–gel
technique, with sodium hydroxide as a pH regulator. Structural, morphological, and …

The effect of beating starting pulp was investigated on the oxidation efficiency of ammonium
persulfate (APS), the yield, and the properties of the CNCs. The beaten pulp and the …

Thermosetting urea–formaldehyde (UF) resins as the most common adhesives for wood-
based composites emit formaldehyde, which forces producers to lower formaldehyde/urea …

Plastic pollution is a major threat facing our environment. To understand the full effects, we
must first characterize how plastics break down in environmental systems. Heretofore, there …

For the first time, this study demonstrates a direct extraction of carboxylated cellulose
nanocrystals (c-CNCs) from recycled medium density fiberboard (r-MDF) fibers by …

The application of maleic acid (MA) has led to increase efficiency and selectivity in biomass
pretreatment process. This study aimed to determine the optimum condition of MA …

Low molar ratio urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives are primarily used for the
reduction of formaldehyde emission (FE) from wood-based composites, at the expense of …