The course of pupillary constriction and dilation provides an easy-to-access, inexpensive,
and noninvasive readout of brain activity. We propose a new taxonomy of factors affecting …

This guide describes best practices in using eye tracking technology for research in a variety
of disciplines. A basic outline of the anatomy and physiology of the eyes and of eye …

Mental imagery can be advantageous, unnecessary and even clinically disruptive. With
methodological constraints now overcome, research has shown that visual imagery involves …

Pupils respond to three distinct kinds of stimuli: they constrict in response to brightness (the
pupil light response), constrict in response to near fixation (the pupil near response), and …

Cognitive pupillometry is the measurement of pupil size to investigate cognitive processes
such as attention, mental effort, working memory, and many others. Currently, there is no …

How is it that thoroughly physical material beings such as ourselves can think, dream, feel,
create and understand ideas, theories and concepts? How does mere matter give rise to all …

Mental imagery research has weathered both disbelief of the phenomenon and inherent
methodological limitations. Here we review recent behavioral, brain imaging, and clinical …

Measurement of pupil size (pupillometry) has recently gained renewed interest from
psychologists, but there is little agreement on how pupil-size data is best analyzed. Here we …

Pupillometry is the study of changes in the diameter of the pupil as a function of cognitive
processing. This review paper provides a brief historical overview of the study of …

The pupillary light response is an important automatic physiological response which
optimizes light reaching the retina. Recent work has shown that the pupil also adjusts in …