Optical atomic clocks represent the state of the art in the frontier of modern measurement
science. In this article a detailed review on the development of optical atomic clocks that are …

Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in
well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled …

We report an optical lattice clock with a total systematic uncertainty of 8.1× 10-19 in fractional
frequency units, representing the lowest uncertainty of any clock to date. The clock relies on …

A list of standard reference frequency values (LoF) of quantum transitions from the
microwave to the optical regime has been recommended by the International Committee for …

Atomic clocks have been instrumental in science and technology, leading to innovations
such as global positioning, advanced communications, and tests of fundamental constant …

Progress in realizing the SI second had multiple technological impacts and enabled further
constraint of theoretical models in fundamental physics. Caesium microwave fountains …

Optical atomic clocks promise timekee** at the highest precision and accuracy, owing to
their high operating frequencies. Rigorous evaluations of these clocks require direct …

Three distinct techniques exist for distributing an ultrastable frequency reference over optical
fibers. For the distribution of a microwave frequency reference, an amplitude-modulated …

The'magic wavelength'protocol has made it possible to design atomic clocks based on well-
engineered perturbations. Such'optical lattice clocks' will allow extremely high stability using …

Significant progress has been made in recent years on the development of gravitational-
wave detectors. Sources such as coalescing compact binary systems, neutron stars in low …