An abundant metal in the human body, iron is essential for key biological pathways
including oxygen transport, DNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Most iron is bound …

The iron hormone hepcidin and its receptor and cellular iron exporter ferroportin control the
major fluxes of iron into blood plasma: intestinal iron absorption, the delivery of recycled iron …

Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of nonapoptotic regulated cell death (RCD)
characterized by iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides. It is morphologically and …

Iron deficiency is one of the leading risk factors for disability and death worldwide, affecting
an estimated 2 billion people. Nutritional iron deficiency arises when physiological …

Heme oxygenases (HO) catabolize free heme, that is, iron (Fe) protoporphyrin (IX), into
equimolar amounts of Fe2+, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin. The stress-responsive …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …

Iron is a vital trace element for humans, as it plays a crucial role in oxygen transport,
oxidative metabolism, cellular proliferation, and many catalytic reactions. To be beneficial …

Iron is vital for almost all organisms because of its ability to donate and accept electrons with
relative ease. It serves as a cofactor for many proteins and enzymes necessary for oxygen …

▪ Abstract Hepcidin, a peptide hormone made in the liver, is the principal regulator of
systemic iron homeostasis. Hepcidin controls plasma iron concentration and tissue …

Essential metals are crucial for the maintenance of cell homeostasis. Among the 23
elements that have known physiological functions in humans, 12 are metals, including iron …