Magnetic flux can penetrate a type-II superconductor in the form of Abrikosov vortices (also
called flux lines, flux tubes, or fluxons) each carrying a quantum of magnetic flux phi 0= h/2e …

The lattice of magnetic flux lines that can permeate a type II superconductor, such as the
high-transition-temperature copper oxide materials, melts from a solid-like state to a liquid …

The vortex-lattice phase transitions in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8 crystals with various oxygen
stoichiometry are studied using local magnetization measurements. Three new findings are …

Magneto-optic imaging was used for a detailed study of the flux and current distribution of a
long thin strip of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ placed in a perpendicular external magnetic field. The …

Current densities js and volume pinning forces F p are obtained in a wide temperature (5<~
T<~ 92 K) and field range (0<~ μ 0 H a<~ 9 T) on different NdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ samples …

During the last two decades, vortex structural transitions in type-II superconductors have
been the subject of a considerable amount of theoretical and experimental studies. This …

B i 2 S r 2 CaC u 2 O 8 crystal was polished into a prism shape that eliminates the
geometrical barrier and results in a fully reversible magnetization at T≳ 76 K. The vortex …

We present the scaling law of the pinning force FP in intermediate and high temperature
superconductors, the factors which influence its field and temperature dependence, the …

Extending a model we previously used to calculate magnetization hysteresis arising from the
geometrical barrier in a flat, bulk-pinning-free type-II superconducting strip subjected to a …

A principally experimental review of vortex behaviour in high-temperature superconductors
is presented. The reader is first introduced to the basic concepts needed to understand the …