It has been claimed that bilingual experience leads to an enhancement of cognitive control
across the lifespan, a claim that has been investigated by comparing monolingual and …

Because of enduring experience of managing two languages, bilinguals have been argued
to develop superior executive functioning compared with monolinguals. Despite extensive …

Modeling human cognition is challenging because there are infinitely many mechanisms
that can generate any given observation. Some researchers address this by constraining the …

In “The Devil's Dictionary”, Bierce (1911) defined language as “The music with which we
charm the serpents guarding another's treasure.” This satirical definition reflects a core truth …

According to some estimates, more than half of the world's population is multilingual to some
extent. Because of the centrality of language use to human experience and the deep …

Learning and using an additional language is shown to have an impact on the structure and
function of the brain, including in regions involved in cognitive control and the connections …

Bilingualism was once thought to result in cognitive disadvantages, but research in recent
decades has demonstrated that experience with two (or more) languages confers a bilingual …

Research examining the cognitive consequences of bilingualism has expanded rapidly in
recent years and has revealed effects on aspects of cognition across the lifespan. However …

Bilingual and multilingual individuals exhibit variation in everyday language experience.
Studies on bilingualism account for individual differences with measures such as L2 age of …

No two bilinguals are the same. Differences in bilingual experiences can affect language-
related processes but have also been proposed to modulate executive functioning …