Abstract Purpose of Review Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment in
several movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, dystonia, tremor, and Tourette …

Gait issues in Parkinson's disease (PD) are common and can be highly disabling. Although
levodopa and deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus and the globus …

The parkinsonian gait disorder and freezing of gait are therapeutically demanding symptoms
with considerable impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess the role of …

Alongside stereotactic magnetic resonance imaging, microelectrode recording (MER) is
frequently used during the deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for optimal target …

The substantia nigra pars reticulate (SNr), which plays a pivotal role in motor control, is the
key structure in integrating information for cortex, basal ganglia and thalamus. Abnormal gait …

The subthalamic nucleus (STN), substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and
pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg) are reciprocally connected brain regions that …

Microelectrode recordings (MERs) are used for target confirmation during deep brain
stimulation (DBS) electrode placement surgery by listening for characteristic neural activity …

(57) ABSTRACT A method of localizing brain regions for the purpose of guiding placement
of electrodes and related implants is disclosed. The inventive method involves effecting a …