The current debate on political participation is bound to a discussion about whether citizens
are active or passive. This dichotomous notion is nurtured by an extensive normative debate …

The framing question for this chapter is: How have both the new participatory turn and
individualisation changed, and how do organisations and movements mobilise participants …

Various studies suggest that while institutionalised and electoral forms of political
participation are in decline in Western societies, non-institutionalised forms of participation …

Political socialization describes the process by which citizens crystalize political identities,
values and behavior that remain relatively persistent throughout later life. This chapter …

In the last decades, political participation expanded continuously. This expansion includes
activities as diverse as voting, tweeting, signing petitions, changing your social media …

There is widespread concern about declining public involvement in established
democracies. Europeans are turning away from mainstream electoral politics towards new …

Lay politics lies at the heart of democracy. Political offices are the only offices for which no
formal qualifications are required. Contemporary political practices are diametrically …

This article examines the effect of the recent economic crisis on political participation levels
in Europe. As the civic voluntarism model and grievances theory predict different effects of …

This study examines the relationship between educational attainment and euroscepticism
from 1973 to 2010. Existing research has shown that, driven by utilitarian considerations …

Van Deth's comprehensive 'conceptual map of political participation'has reinstated a lively
debate about the concept of political participation, and provides some compelling solutions …