Spider venom, a factor that has played a decisive role in the evolution of one of the most
successful groups of living organisms, is reviewed. Unique molecular diversity of venom …

Neurodegenerative diseases are relentlessly progressive, severely impacting affected
patients, families and society as a whole. Increased life expectancy has made these …

Many drugs are nature derived. Low drug productivity has renewed interest in natural
products as drug-discovery sources. Nature-derived drugs are composed of dozens of …

Background Due to the complexity of the mechanisms involved in epileptogenesis, the
available antiseizure drugs (ASDs) do not meet clinical needs; hence, both the discovery of …

Venomous animals from distinct phyla such as spiders, scorpions, snakes, cone snails, or
sea anemones produce small toxic proteins interacting with a variety of cell targets. Their …

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS) were first documented by ancient Egyptians more than 3000
years ago. Cardiotonic steroids are a group of steroid hormones that circulate in the blood of …

Continuous increases in the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's
disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and brain stroke demand the urgent development …

Cathelicidins are phylogenetically ancient, pleiotropic host defense peptides—also called
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs)—expressed in numerous life forms for innate immunity. Since …

Lychnophora is a genus of South American flowering plants in the daisy family, popularly
known as “Brazilian arnica”. It is used in traditional medicine as an anti-inflammatory and …

Highlights•Peptide toxins are potential drug leads owing to high potency and selectivity.•The
neurotoxins from cnidaria could modulate or block against the ion channels.•Neurotoxin …