Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder whose aetiology is
still unknown. Most hypotheses point out the gut-brain axis as a key factor for IBS. The axis is …

The cochlear efferent system comprises multiple populations of brainstem neurons whose
axons project to the cochlea, and whose responses to acoustic stimuli lead to regulation of …

Key points Loss of the calcium sensor otoferlin disrupts neurotransmission from inner hair
cells. Central auditory nuclei are functionally denervated in otoferlin knockout mice (Otof …

Before hearing onset (postnatal day 12 in mice), inner hair cells (IHCs) spontaneously fire
action potentials, thereby driving pre-sensory activity in the ascending auditory pathway. The …

Sound localization involves information analysis in the lateral superior olive (LSO), a
conspicuous nucleus in the mammalian auditory brainstem. LSO neurons weigh interaural …

Job's tears (coix) is a widely used grain with rich and balanced nutritional value. In this
study, a total of 71 metabolites, including amino acid metabolism, sugar metabolism and …

Auditory brainstem neurons in the lateral superior olive (LSO) receive excitatory input from
the ipsilateral cochlear nucleus (CN) and inhibitory transmission from the contralateral CN …

Synaptic transmission is controlled by re-uptake systems that reduce transmitter
concentrations in the synaptic cleft and recycle the transmitter into presynaptic terminals …

Neurexins play diverse functions as presynaptic organizers in various glutamatergic and
GABAergic synapses. However, it remains unknown whether and how neurexins are …

GABAB receptors are G-protein coupled receptors for the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA.
Functional GABAB receptors are formed as heteromers of GABAB1 and GABAB2 subunits …