Research on isolated attosecond pulses (IAPs) based on high-order harmonic generation
changed substantially around 2010. Before then, the Ti: sapphire laser was the de facto …

In quantum materials, emergent functional properties resulting from strong correlations or
electronic topology offer opportunities for new applications. Over the past decade, ultrafast …

The past two decades have seen rapid developments in short-pulse X-ray sources, which
have enabled the study of nuclear and electronic dynamics by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopies …

Abstract Magneto-optical (MO) effects, viz. magnetically induced changes in light intensity or
polarization upon reflection from or transmission through a magnetic sample, were …

Free-electron lasers and high-harmonic-generation table-top systems are new sources of
extreme-ultraviolet to hard X-ray photons, providing ultrashort pulses that are intense …

From a glass of water to glaciers in Antarctica, water–air and ice–air interfaces are abundant
on Earth. Molecular-level structure and dynamics at these interfaces are key for …

Free-electron lasers produce extremely brief, coherent, and bright laser-like photon pulses
that allow to image matter at atomic resolution and at timescales faster than the …

X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs), which amplify light emitted by a relativistic electron beam,
are extending nonlinear optical techniques to shorter wavelengths, adding element …

Solid-state electrolytes overcome many challenges of present-day lithium ion batteries, such
as safety hazards and dendrite formation,. However, detailed understanding of the involved …

Electric-dipole optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear
process that is widely used as a sensitive probe to detect broken inversion symmetry and …