Biotic interactions present a challenge in determining whether species distributions will track
climate change. Interactions with competitors, consumers, mutualists, and facilitators can …

The sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to
environmental change are increasingly discussed in terms of climate change, often …

Treelines are temperature sensitive transition zones that are expected to respond to climate
warming by advancing beyond their current position. Response to climate warming over the …

Most ecologists are not card-carrying members of either individualistic or interdependent
guilds, but our perception of plant community organization, and the way we conduct …

The previous chapters have provided a first insight into the heterogeneity, complexity and
great physiognomic and ecological variety of the timberline phenomenon; a heterogeneity …

Temperature is the most important factor affecting growth at high altitudes. As trees use
much of the allocated carbon gained from photosynthesis to produce branches and stems …

Aim Treelines occur globally within a narrow range of mean growing season temperatures,
suggesting that low‐temperature growth limitation determines the position of the treeline …

Aerosols have always been part of the atmosphere, and plant surfaces are a major aerosol
sink. Given the nutrient content of aerosols and the natural stability of aerosol concentrations …

Climate warming is expected to induce treelines to advance to higher elevations. Empirical
studies in diverse mountain ranges, however, give evidence of both advancing alpine …

The general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and
temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any …