Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a complex
pathophysiology that underlies a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes. AD remains …

Effector CD8+ T cells are typically thought to be a homogenous group of cytotoxic cells that
produce interferon-(IFN) γ. However, recent findings have challenged this notion because …

Keratinocytes play a crucial role in the regulation of skin inflammation, responding to
environmental and immune cells stimuli. They produce soluble factors that can act in an …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common yet complex skin disease, posing a therapeutic
challenge with increasingly recognized different phenotypes among variable patient …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an eczematous, pruritic skin disorder with extensive barrier
dysfunction and elevated interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 signatures. The barrier dysfunction …

Psoriasis is a complex, chronic relapsing and inflammatory skin disorder with a prevalence
of approximately 2% in the general population worldwide. Psoriasis can be triggered by …

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. Genetic
predisposition, epidermal barrier disruption, and dysregulation of the immune system are …

Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is an essential proinflammatory cytokine, which is mainly secreted by
the CD4+ helper T cells (Th17 cells) and subsets of innate lymphoid cells. IL-17A is …

Background Dupilumab is an IL-4 receptor α mAb inhibiting signaling of IL-4 and IL-13, key
drivers of type 2–driven inflammation, as demonstrated by its efficacy in patients with …

Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent inflammatory skin disease with a complex
pathogenesis involving immune cell and epidermal abnormalities. Despite whole tissue …