The advancement of technology has a profound and far‐reaching impact on the society, now
penetrating all areas of life. From cradle to grave, one is supported by and depends on a …

Nature has developed high‐performance materials and structures over millions of years of
evolution and provides valuable sources of inspiration for the design of next‐generation …

Biohybrid systems have been developed to better understand the design principles and
coordination mechanisms of biological systems. We consider whether two functional …

Actuation is essential for artificial machines to interact with their surrounding environment
and to accomplish the functions for which they are designed. Over the past few decades …

Bioengineering approaches that combine living cellular components with three-dimensional
scaffolds to generate motion can be used to develop a new generation of miniature robots …

Combining biological components, such as cells and tissues, with soft robotics can enable
the fabrication of biological machines with the ability to sense, process signals, and produce …

As simulators of organisms in Nature, soft robots have been developed over the past few
decades. In particular, biohybrid robots constructed by integrating living cells with soft …

The past ten years have seen the rapid expansion of the field of biohybrid robotics. By
combining engineered, synthetic components with living biological materials, new robotics …

Micro-and nanorobots can perform a number of tasks at small scales, such as minimally
invasive diagnostics, targeted drug delivery, and localized surgery. During the past decade …

Bioinspired hybrid soft robots that combine living and synthetic components are an
emerging field in the development of advanced actuators and other robotic platforms (ie …