Neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and
Huntington's disease, present a major health issue and financial burden for health care …

Organs-on-chip (OoC), often referred to as microphysiological systems (MPS), are advanced
in vitro tools able to replicate essential functions of human organs. Owing to their …

The high selectivity of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts delivery of many
pharmaceuticals and therapeutic antibodies to the central nervous system. Here, we …

Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models capturing both the structural and dynamic complexity
of the in vivo situation are in great demand as an alternative to animal models. Despite …

Understanding complex cell–cell interactions and physiological microenvironments is critical
for the development of new therapies for treating human diseases. Current animal models …

Neurospheroids are commonly used for in vitro disease modeling and drug screening.
However, the heterogeneity in size of the neurospheroids mixtures available through current …

Many neurodegenerative diseases are identified but their causes and cure are far from
being well-known. The problem resides in the complexity of the neural tissue and its location …

The digital twin (DT) is a concept widely used in industry to create digital replicas of physical
objects or systems. The dynamic, bi-directional link between the physical entity and its digital …

Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are neurodegenerative disorders
caused by the interaction of genetic, environmental, and familial factors. These diseases …

Organoid methodology provides a platform for the ex vivo investigation of the cellular and
molecular mechanisms underlying brain development and disease. The high-grade brain …