Dimorphism on dominance and agonistic behaviour in mammals tends to be strongly biased
toward males. In this review, we focus on a select few species of mammals in which females …

Parental behavior is important for the development of mammalian offspring. Research on the
mechanisms underlying parental behavior, however, has been largely restricted to rodent …

During the transition to parenthood, both men and women experience hormone changes
that are thought to promote parental care. Yet very few studies have explicitly tested the …

Testosterone (T) is lower among fathers and men in committed relationships, suggesting that
the hormone mediates the trade-off between mating and parenting effort. The function of T in …

Testosterone has been hypothesized to modulate the trade-off between mating and
parenting effort in males. Indeed, evidence from humans and other pair-bonded species …

The physiological mechanisms of parental and alloparental care in cooperatively breeding
nonhuman primate species such as the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) are poorly …

Testosterone promotes aggressive behaviour in male vertebrates during the breeding
season, but the importance of testosterone in female aggression remains unclear …

The occasional reversal of sex-typical behavior suggests that many of the neural circuits
underlying behavior are conserved between males and females and can be activated in …

Parenting induces many neurological and behavioral changes that enable parents to rear
offspring. Vasopressin plays an important role in this process via its effects on cognition …

In vertebrates, reproductive endocrine concentrations are strongly differentiated by sex, with
androgen biases typifying males and estrogen biases typifying females. These sex …