For more than 60 years, the gold standard for assessing aversive conditioning in humans
has been the skin conductance response (SCR), which arises from the activation of the …

Background Reward processing dysfunction is a core characteristic of major depressive
disorder (MDD), yet event-related potential (ERP) research in MDD has predominantly …

Individual differences in responding to uncertainty have been proposed as a key mechanism
of how anxiety disorders develop and are maintained. However, most empirical work has …

Cognitive theories of social anxiety disorder suggest that biased attention plays a key role in
maintaining symptoms. These biases include self-focus and attention to socially threatening …

Cognitive affective neuroscience tasks that are straightforward to administer, measure key
constructs of interest, and can be used in different lab settings and with multiple …

Cognitive control is the ability to direct attention and cognitive resources toward achieving
one's goals. However, research indicates that anxiety biases multiple cognitive processes …

Self-focused attention is thought to be a key feature of social anxiety disorder. Yet few
studies have used event-related potentials (ERPs) to examine whether socially anxious …

Safety behaviors are core features of anxiety-related disorders, specifically involving
behaviors that do not completely terminate aversive situations, but rather prevent the risk of …

Background Anticipation involves preparatory resource allocation to optimize upcoming
responses, linked to insular cortex function. Although major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Anxiety disorders are the most widespread class of mental health disorders, with an
estimated lifetime prevalence of 30% in the United States. This includes specific phobia …