Background Insomnia and depressive disorder are two common symptoms with a reciprocal
causal relationship in clinical practice, which are usually manifested in comorbid form …

Gastrodia elata Blume, a fully mycoheterotrophic perennial plant of the family Orchidaceae,
is a traditional Chinese herb with medicinal and edible value. Interestingly, G. elata requires …

Observational studies have shown that the gut microbiome is associated with frailty.
However, whether these associations underlie causal effects remains unknown. Thus, this …

Chronic pain is commonly linked with diminished working memory. This study explores the
impact of the anesthetic (S)-ketamine on spatial working memory in a chronic constriction …

Increasing evidence indicates that tryptophan (Trp) metabolism disturbance controls
hippocampal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and thereby affecting depression-like behavior, in …

Background The World Health Organization declared that COVID-19 is no longer a public
health emergency of global concern on May 5, 2023. Post-COVID disorders are, however …

Objective There is a lack of information on the molecular mechanisms by which steroid
hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone) regulate cognitive impairment. Thus …

Ethnopharmacological relevance Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition
that affects approximately 350 million people worldwide. Several studies have identified …

Rationale Although diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and depression have been
recognized for many years, their co-morbidity relationship and effective treatment choices …

Abstract Probiotics, postbiotics, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have
antidepressant-like effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of the dopaminergic …