An overview of model checking practices on verification of PLC software

T Ovatman, A Aral, D Polat, AO Ünver - Software & Systems Modeling, 2016 - Springer
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are heavily used in industrial control systems,
because of their high capacity of simultaneous input/output processing capabilities …

Synthesis and implementation of logic controllers–A review

J Zaytoon, B Riera - Annual reviews in control, 2017 - Elsevier
This paper provides an overview of some well-known formal approaches for the synthesis
and implementation of logic controllers. Most of these approaches are based on the use and …

Security of programmable logic controllers and related systems: today and tomorrow

W Alsabbagh, P Langendörfer - IEEE Open Journal of the …, 2023 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are indispensable in critical infrastructures and
industrial control systems. The increasing demand for enhanced cost-effectiveness and …

Applying model checking to industrial-sized PLC programs

BF Adiego, D Darvas, EB Viñuela… - IEEE Transactions …, 2015 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are embedded computers widely used in industrial
control systems. Ensuring that a PLC software complies with its specification is a challenging …

SoK: Attacks on industrial control logic and formal verification-based defenses

R Sun, A Mera, L Lu, D Choffnes - 2021 IEEE European …, 2021 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in the industrial control systems.
Vulnerabilities in PLC programs might lead to attacks causing devastating consequences to …

[PDF][PDF] Review of model-based testing approaches in production automation and adjacent domains-current challenges and research gaps

S Rösch, S Ulewicz, J Provost… - Journal of Software …, 2015 - mediatum.ub.tum.de
As systems have been and are becoming more and more complex, the task of quality
assurance is increasingly challenging. Model-based testing is a research field addressing …

Model verification of fallback control system under cyberattacks via UPPAAL

K Sakata, S Fujita, K Sawada, H Iwasawa… - Advanced …, 2023 - Taylor & Francis
Industrial control systems (ICS) are required to be operated safely under cyberattacks.
Fallback control is necessary for the safe operation of ICS. As one of fallback control …

Symbolic execution of programmable logic controller code

S Guo, M Wu, C Wang - Proceedings of the 2017 11th Joint Meeting on …, 2017 - dl.acm.org
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are specialized computers for automating a wide
range of cyber-physical systems. Since these systems are often safety-critical, software …

Efficient representation for formal verification of PLC programs

V Gourcuff, O De Smet, JM Faure - 2006 8th International …, 2006 - ieeexplore.ieee.org
This paper addresses scalability of model-checking using the NuSMV model-checker. To
avoid or at least limit combinatory explosion, an efficient representation of PLC programs is …

Formal Semantics and Analysis of Multitask PLC ST Programs with Preemption

J Lee, K Bae - International Symposium on Formal Methods, 2024 - Springer
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are widely used in industrial applications. Ensuring
the correctness of PLC programs is important due to their safety-critical nature. Structured …