Highlights•Metagenomics permitted a better knowledge of the microbial diversity of
hypersaline habitats.•Cellular life in hypersaline habitats is dominated by prokaryotes …

One major conundrum of modern microbiology is the large pangenome (gene pool) present
in microbes, which is much larger than those found in complex organisms such as humans …

The deep-sea is the largest biome of the biosphere, and contains more than half of the
whole ocean's microbes. Uncovering their general patterns of diversity and community …

Hadal biosphere represents the deepest part of the ocean with water depth> 6,000 m.
Accumulating evidence suggests the existence of unique microbial communities dominated …

Metagenomics and metatranscriptomics are powerful methods to uncover key micro-
organisms and processes driving biogeochemical cycling in natural ecosystems. Databases …

Bacterioplankton of the SAR11 clade are the most abundant microorganisms in marine
systems, usually representing 25% or more of the total bacterial cells in seawater worldwide …

CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-
associated) systems are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems that provide protection …

Hadal trenches, oceanic locations deeper than 6,000 m, are thought to have distinct
microbial communities compared to those at shallower depths due to high hydrostatic …

This review summarizes usage of genome-editing technologies for metagenomic studies;
these studies are used to retrieve and modify valuable microorganisms for production …

The composition and metabolic functions of prokaryotic communities in the western
subarctic Pacific (WSP), where strong mixing of waters from the Sea of Okhotsk and the East …