Recently, researchers have concentrated on studying ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC)
artificial muscle, which has numerous advantages including a relatively large strain under …

Electroactive polymers (EAP) provide lightweight and cost‐effective materials that enable
the next generation of electromechanical devices. Commercial polymers have historically …

A flexible nano-biocomposite artificial muscle based on a mesoporous renewable
cellulose/ionic liquid (IL-Cel) electrolyte membrane with high porosity of 91.31% was …

With the rapid development of autonomous and intelligent devices driven by soft actuators,
ion soft actuators in flexible intelligent devices have several advantages over other …

A high response speed biological gel artificial muscle (BGAM) with a networked pore
structure is proposed. The BGAM is prepared from carboxylated chitosan and sodium …

We demonstrate a sensing mechanism for rapid detection of Listeria monocytogenes in food
samples using the actuation of chitosan-aptamer nanobrush borders. The bio-inspired soft …

The design of smart full-hydrogel actuators constructed with natural carbohydrate polymers
applied in biomedical and tissue engineering is very important but challenging. Herein …

Biological gel paper actuators (BGPAs) constitute a rising class of electroactive smart
artificial muscles with the advantages of large deformation and high energy density at low …

High-performance renewable natural biopolymer electroactive artificial muscles have
attracted enormous attentions in recent years. Here, a renewable biocompatible …

Due to the efficiency of ion movement is greatly affected by moisture environment, this article
explores the effects of the changing the moisture content of the self-degraded ionic hydrogel …