Security and privacy challenges of large language models: A survey

BC Das, MH Amini, Y Wu - ACM Computing Surveys, 2025 - dl.acm.org
Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and
contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language …

Foundation models for generalist medical artificial intelligence

M Moor, O Banerjee, ZSH Abad, HM Krumholz… - Nature, 2023 - nature.com
The exceptionally rapid development of highly flexible, reusable artificial intelligence (AI)
models is likely to usher in newfound capabilities in medicine. We propose a new paradigm …

[PDF][PDF] Retrieval-augmented generation for large language models: A survey

Y Gao, Y **ong, X Gao, K Jia, J Pan, Y Bi… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - simg.baai.ac.cn
Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate powerful capabilities, but they still face
challenges in practical applications, such as hallucinations, slow knowledge updates, and …

[PDF][PDF] A survey of large language models

WX Zhao, K Zhou, J Li, T Tang… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - paper-notes.zhjwpku.com
Ever since the Turing Test was proposed in the 1950s, humans have explored the mastering
of language intelligence by machine. Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of …

A survey on hallucination in large language models: Principles, taxonomy, challenges, and open questions

L Huang, W Yu, W Ma, W Zhong, Z Feng… - ACM Transactions on …, 2025 - dl.acm.org
The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has marked a significant breakthrough in
natural language processing (NLP), fueling a paradigm shift in information acquisition …

Siren's song in the AI ocean: a survey on hallucination in large language models

Y Zhang, Y Li, L Cui, D Cai, L Liu, T Fu… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a
range of downstream tasks, a significant concern revolves around their propensity to exhibit …

A comprehensive overview of large language models

H Naveed, AU Khan, S Qiu, M Saqib, S Anwar… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable capabilities in
natural language processing tasks and beyond. This success of LLMs has led to a large …

[PDF][PDF] The dawn of lmms: Preliminary explorations with gpt-4v (ision)

Z Yang, L Li, K Lin, J Wang, CC Lin… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - stableaiprompts.com
Large multimodal models (LMMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with multi-sensory
skills, such as visual understanding, to achieve stronger generic intelligence. In this paper …

C-pack: Packed resources for general chinese embeddings

S **ao, Z Liu, P Zhang, N Muennighoff, D Lian… - Proceedings of the 47th …, 2024 - dl.acm.org
We introduce C-Pack, a package of resources that significantly advances the field of general
text embeddings for Chinese. C-Pack includes three critical resources. 1) C-MTP is a …

Challenges and applications of large language models

J Kaddour, J Harris, M Mozes, H Bradley… - arxiv preprint arxiv …, 2023 - arxiv.org
Large Language Models (LLMs) went from non-existent to ubiquitous in the machine
learning discourse within a few years. Due to the fast pace of the field, it is difficult to identify …