The tumor microenvironment is proposed to contribute substantially to the progression of
cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most …

Highlights•Comprehensive review of advances in microfluidic 3D cell culture since
2012.•Increased physiological relevance by precise control of cellular microenvironment.• …

The recent advent of microphysiological systems–microfluidic biomimetic devices that aspire
to emulate the biology of human tissues, organs and circulation in vitro–is envisaged to …

Recapitulating the tumor microenvironment is a central challenge in the development of
experimental model for cancer. To provide a reliable tool for drug development and for …

Three-dimensional (3D) multicellular spheroid models can recapitulate the human tumour
microenvironment with more accuracy than conventional cell culture models, as they include …

Drug screening in oncology, especially for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC), has high
demand but remains unsatisfactory. Currently available models are either nonrepresentative …

Recent developments in microfluidic devices, nanoparticle chemistry, fluorescent
microscopy, and biochemical techniques such as genetic identification and antibody capture …

In recent years, both tissue engineering and microfluidics have significantly contributed in
engineering of in vitro skin substitutes to test the penetration of chemicals or to replace …

The vascular system is the primary route for the delivery of therapeutic drugs throughout the
body and is an important barrier at the region of disease interest, such as a solid tumour …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) has recently drawn much attention due to its profound
impact on tumour development, drug resistance and patient outcome. There is an increasing …