Polyploidy has been hypothesized to be both an evolutionary dead-end and a source for
evolutionary innovation and species diversification. Although polyploid organisms …

Polyploidy, or the duplication of entire genomes, has been observed in prokaryotic and
eukaryotic organisms, and in somatic and germ cells. The consequences of polyploidization …

Butterflies are a diverse and charismatic insect group that are thought to have evolved with
plants and dispersed throughout the world in response to key geological events. However …

Green plants (Viridiplantae) include around 450,000–500,000 species, of great diversity and
have important roles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Here, as part of the One …

Ancient duplication events and a high rate of retention of extant pairs of duplicate genes
have contributed to an abundance of duplicate genes in plant genomes. These duplicates …

Plant defense compounds play a key role in the evolution of insect–plant associations by
selecting for behavioral, morphological, and physiological insect adaptations. Sequestration …

Chromosomes are a central unit of genome organization. One-tenth of all described species
on Earth are butterflies and moths, the Lepidoptera, which generally possess 31 …

Summary Butterflies (Papilionoidea), with over 18,000 described species [1], have
captivated naturalists and scientists for centuries. They play a central role in the study of …

Ancient whole-genome duplications (WGDs or polyploidy) are prevalent in plants, and some
WGDs occurred during the timing of severe global environmental changes. It has been …

There is an increasing awareness that as a result of structural variation, a reference
sequence representing a genome of a single individual is unable to capture all of the gene …